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International
actors and agreements in the region
See
Global action.
UN
Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA). ••>
UNEP
Regional Office for Africa (ROA). ••>
UNEP
Regional Seas Programme. ••>
UNEP Global programme of action for the protection of the
marine environment from land-based activities (UNEP GPA).
••>
International
Coral Reef Initiative and other organizations and networks
on
the threats to coral reefs, including the effects of litter/debris.
Small Island Developing States Network (SIDSnet). ••>
Regional
conventions, agreements, action plans and actors
Convention
for the Protection, Management and Development of the Marine
and Coastal Environment of the Eastern African Region (Nairobi
Convention). ••>
Southern
and East African Waste Management Network (SEA WASTE).
Serves as a platform for information exchange and cooperation
on pollution issues that impact on all aquatic environments
in Southern and East Africa. Represents an informal forum
for dialogue and capacity-building in waste management research,
policy development and implementation and wider public education.
Presently constitutes members from 12 African countries -
Botswana, Comoros, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique,
Namibia, Seychelles, South Africa, Tanzania and Zimbabwe -
but involvement is not restricted to these areas.
GEF International Waters Projects. ••>
African Development Bank. ••>
Secretariat
for Eastern African Coastal Area Management (SEACAM).
••>
National
action against marine litter
Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism, Marine and
Coastal Management, South African Coastal Information Centre:
International
Coastal Cleanup - South Africa.
Private
sector and NGOs actors and initiatives
Ocean
Concervancy: International Coastal Cleanup (ICC). ••>
UNEP
and Clean up Australia: Clean up the World! ••>
Coastal
Cleanup 2002 in KwaZulu-Natal.
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Regional
reports on the state of the marine and coastal environment
UNEP:
Africa Environmental Outlook: Pollution
of Eastern Africa's coastal and marine environment: "Most
Eastern African coastal municipalities do not have the capacity
to handle the vast quantities of sewage and solid wastes they
generate every day. Large volumes of solid and liquid waste
are therefore disposed of at sea or are disposed of in an
unsatisfactory manner and end up by being washed or blown
out to sea, where they pose a threat to wildlife and human
health. It is evident that a restructuring of waste management
policies and plans is required to handle the increase in solid
wastes and sewage in the coming years."
UNECA:
State
of the Environment in Africa.
UNEP GPA: East
African Region (brief description of environmental state,
priority issues).
UNEP GPA: Assessment
of Land-based Sources and Activities Affecting the Marine,
Coastal and Associated Freshwater Environment in the Eastern
African Region.
UNEP Regional Seas: Eastern Africa: The environment: Threats.
Pollution.
National
state of the environment reports
UNEP GRID: State
of the environment: South Africa.
UNEP:
Global
Environment Outlook 3 (GEO3). Coastal and marine areas.
University
of Rhode Island: Large Marine Ecosystems (LME): The region
includes the
Agulhas Current and the
Somalia Coastal Current
Other
publications on marine and coastal environment, including
marine litter
Article
in Marine Pollution Bulletin on marine litter/marine
debris off the Transkei coast: 1997.
South
African Journal of Science: "How
much is a clean beach worth? The impact of litter on beach
users in the Cape Peninsula, South Africa". Abstract
of article published in 2000.
University of Cape Town, Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African
Ornithology (2001): "The long wing-spans of albatrosses come
at a price. They trap air, making the birds too buoyant to
be efficient divers, As a result, they scavenge on dead or
dying squid as well as anything else they encounter on their
travels, including plastic litter."
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