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International
actors and agreements in the region
See
Global action.
UNEP
Regional Seas Programme. ••>
UNEP Global programme of action for the protection of the
marine environment from land-based activities (UNEP GPA).
••>
UNEP
Regional Office for West Asia (ROWA). ••>
UN Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA).
••>
International
Coral Reef Initiative and other organizations and networks
on
the threats to coral reefs, including the effects of litter/debris.
Regional
conventions, agreements, action plans and actors
Regional
Convention for the Conservation of the Red Sea and Gulf of
Aden Environment (Jeddah
Convention) • Regional
Organisation for Conservation of the Environment of the Red
Sea and Gulf of Aden (PERSGA).
••>
The
Strategic Action Programme for the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden
• PERSGA.
••>
Gulf of Aqaba Environmental Action Plan. ••>
Jeddah Memorandum of Understanding • Jeddah Declaration.
••>
Council of Arab Ministers Responsible for the Environment
(CAMRE) • Abu Dhabi Declaration. ••>
African
Development Bank.
••>
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Regional
reports on the state of the marine and coastal environment
PERSGA in cooperation with UNEP GPA: Assessment
of Land-based Sources and Activities Affecting the Marine
Environment in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden.
UNEP
Regional Office for West Asia: State
of the Environment in West Asia: "In
West Asia, the challenges that are associated with marine
and coastal issues include oil pollution, sewage and other
land-based effluents, the physical alternation of coastal
areas, including land-filling, dredging, and modification
of river course". [...] The regional marine environment
has been subjected to pressures from an unprecedented rate
of industrial and urban growth, over 75 per cent of which
has been in the coastal areas."
UNEP
Regional Seas: "Sewage is considered an important
environmental threat throughout the region. (...) Solid waste
is considered a particular problem in Jordan. The beaches
and nearshore reef and sea grass areas of Jordan's Gulf of
Aqaba are heavily polluted by discarded plastic
and other refuse materials."
UNEP GPA: Red
Sea and Gulf of Aden (brief description of environmental
state, priority issues, etc.).
UNEP:
Global
Environment Outlook 3 (GEO3). Coastal and marine areas.
University
of Rhode Island: Large Marine Ecosystems (LME): The region
includes one complete Red
Sea LME, and the Gulf of Aden as part of the Arabian
Sea LME.
Private
sector and NGOs actors and initiatives
Ocean
Concervancy: International Coastal Cleanup (ICC). ••>
UNEP
and Clean up Australia: Clean up the World! ••>
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